Catastrophic reduction of the oyster,Tiostrea chilensis (Bivalvia: Ostreidae), in Foveaux Strait,New Zealand,due to infestation by the protistan Bonamia sp.     

I. J. Doonan  H. J. Cranfield  K. P. Michael 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):335-344

Between 1985 and 1992, mortality due to infestation by the protistan Bonamia sp. severely reduced the numbers of the oyster, Tiostrea chilensis in Foveaux Strait, New Zealand. In 1990, two dredge surveys gave relative estimates, and a dive survey an absolute estimate, of the size of this oyster population; this allowed us to estimate dredge efficiency precisely. This estimate was used to re‐evaluate the dredge survey of 1975–76 and relate the size of the population in 1990 to that in 1975. By 1990 the population density had declined by 67% while a dredge survey in 1992 showed that the population density had declined by 91% from 1975. A dredge survey in 1993 showed that the population had increased slightly (but not significantly) over the 1992 level. By 1992 the population had probably been reduced below 10% of the virgin level. The fishery was closed in 1993 to allow the population to rebuild. The population surveys have followed stratified random and grid pattern sampling designs and the merits of the designs and methodology are discussed.  相似文献   

舟山东极岛潮间带贝类生态学初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蔡林婷  王一农  李祥付  冯瑶  赵静霞  邵力 《海洋科学》2013,37(8):47-54

为了解东极岛潮间带贝类生态状况,为浙江海洋生态系统基本群落结构提供基础资料,于2010年4月至2011年4月的大潮期间,在舟山东极岛潮间带采集贝类,调查了解贝类的种类组成、数量分布、生态特点、多样性情况。研究分析发现,东极岛潮间带贝类33种,隶属3纲7目20科。根据温度适应性质分,东极岛潮间带贝类属于3个类群：广温广布种15种,占45.5%;温带种4种,占12.1%;亚热带种14种,占42.4%。东极岛潮间带贝类四季平均生物量为1541.8 g/m2,由高潮带向低潮带呈递增趋势;四季平均栖息密度为925.2个/m2,以中潮带最高,向高潮带和低潮带递减。季节变化中生物量由大到小依次为夏季、春季、冬季、秋季,栖息密度由大到小依次为夏季、秋季、冬季、春季。多样性指数(H′)为0.9~3.0,均匀度指数(J)为0.2~0.8。结果表明东极岛种类丰富,生物量和栖息密度较高,说明东极岛地理环境较好,适宜贝类生存;物种分布均匀,生态环境稳定。  相似文献   

Occurrence and diversity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pichia</Emphasis> spp. in marine environments     

Jing Li  Zhenming Chi  Xianghong Wang  Lin Wang  Jun Sheng  Fang Gong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(3):281-286

A total of 328 yeast strains from seawater, sediments, mud of salterns, the guts of marine fish and marine algae were obtained. The results of routine identification and molecular methods show that five yeast strains obtained in this study belonged to Pichia spp., including Pichia guilliermondii 1uv-small, Pichia ohmeri YF04d, Pichia fermentans YF12b, Pichia burtonii YF11A and Pichia anomala YF07b. Further studies revealed that Pichia anomala YF07b could produce killer toxin against pathogenic yeasts in crabs while Pichia guilliermondii 1uv-small could produce high activity of extracellular inulinase. It is advisable to test if Pichia ohmeri YF04d obtained in this study is related to central-venous-catheter-associated infection.  相似文献   

Concentrations and distribution of organochlorine pesticides in shellfish from Changjiang estuary   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马继臻  沈新强  袁骐  蒋玫 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(4):388-393

To analyze and evaluate the status of organochlorine pollutants in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary and adjacent waters, the concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) in shellfish collected in study area from 2006 to 2007 were determined with gas chromatography (GC). The concentration range of HCHs was (ND-12.13)×10-3 mg/kg wet weight and averaged at 0.54×10-3 mg/kg while the concentration of DDTs was in the range of (4.06-281.73) × 10-3 mg/kg with a mean of 57.52×10-3 mg/kg in the survey areas. The concentrations of DDTs in the shellfish were higher than HCHs', so that DDTs could be considered as typical organochlorine pollutants in the areas. The concentrations of DDTs in the shellfish were higher than HCHs', so that DDTs could be considered as typical organochlorines pollutants. The HCHs in all the shellfish conformed to the first level of criterion (0.02 mg/kg) of the Marion Biology Quality (GB 18421-2001), and that of DDTs in most samples were beyond the first level (0.01 mg/kg) but conformed to the second level (0.10 mg/kg). On average, α-HCH and δ-HCH occupied the most part of HCHs, while O,P'-DDT and P,P'-DDT occupied the most part of DDTs. The concentrations of organocholorine pesticides in shellfish samples varied in site and in species. The highest level occurred at the Shengsi (SS), followed by Yangkougang (YKG), Lvsi (LS), Dongyuan (DY) and Beibayao (BBY), low concentrations were observed at Changsha (CS), Beidaodi (BDD), and Gouqi (GQ). The concentration of HCHs and DDTs in most sites decreased clearly from 2006 to 2007 except for YKG, DY, BDD, LYS, and SS. All of above results suggested that the study area was slightly affected by organochlorine pesticide, special by DDTs.  相似文献   

2005年春季广东近岸海域麻痹性贝毒素的特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴施卫  曾淼  卢大鹏  罗一丹  江天久 《海洋学研究》2008,26(4):49-54

于2005年3~5月,在广东省近岸海域的27个采样点(从东到西覆盖整个广东省沿海,包括了广东省的12大重点海湾海水养殖区)进行了贝类样品采集,共采集了35个品种120个样品。采用小白鼠生物检测法对麻痹性贝毒素(PSP)的检测结果表明,其3、4和5月采集的样品均检测出毒性值,2005年春季广东近岸海域的PSP呈现出以下主要特征:(1)PSP的检出率和含量值均较低。在120个检测的样品中,只有13个样品检测出PSP毒性数据,检出率为10.8%;检出PSP范围为每100 g贝类软组织含152~198 MU。其中北津港(东平)的托氏毛蚶和神泉港(神泉)的近江牡蛎样品,在1 h内小白鼠的致死率都非常高,但毒性并不强。所有检测出的PSP毒性数据值均大大低于我国目前暂定的警戒标准:每100 g贝类软组织含80μg STXeq(对KM系小白鼠而言,相当于每100 g贝类软组织含约423 MU)。2005年春季广东近岸海域海水水温偏低可能是一个重要原因。(2)感染PSP毒性的生物品种不多。在已检测的35个贝类品种中,只有8个品种检测出PSP毒性数据,占被检测总品种数的22.8%。牡蛎的PSP检出率相对较高,而其它常见品种如文蛤和翡翠贻贝的PSP检出率均较低,华贵栉孔扇贝未检出PSP。(3)PSP的地理分布范围较广。从检测出PSP毒性数据的样品的地理分布来看,范围较广,从东到西几乎包括了整个广东省沿海。其中北津港6个样品中,有2个检测出PSP毒性数据,PSP最高值也出现在北津港(东平)。广东12个大重点海湾海水养殖区,除红海湾、大亚湾、大鹏湾及海陵湾4个大重点海湾海水养殖区外,其它8个大重点海湾海水养殖区均检测出PSP,占12个大重点海湾海水养殖区总数的66.7%。在以前未检出的多处海水养殖区也能检出PSP。并就有关问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

四种主要经济贝类的热忍受研究     

廖一波  陈全震  曾江宁  高爱根  刘晶晶  孙庆海 《海洋通报》2007,26(1):50-54

对中国 4 种经济贝类--泥蚶 Tegillarca granosa、长牡蛎 Crassostrea gigas、缢蛏Sinonovacula constricta 和贻贝 Mytilus galloprovincialis Larmark 的临界热最大值(CTMax)进行了室内热效应模拟研究.结果表明:在夏季自然起始水温为 28.0 ℃时, 泥蚶、长牡蛎、缢蛏和贻贝的 48-h CTMax 分别为 39.3 ℃,38.8 ℃,38.3 ℃和 32.2 ℃.泥蚶、长牡蛎、缢蛏和贻贝的热忍受能力分别为泥蚶＞长牡蛎＞缢蛏＞贻贝.  相似文献   

Recent Occurrences of Dinophysis fortii (Dinophyceae) in the Okkirai Bay, Sanriku, Northern Japan, and Related Environmental Factors     

Kazuhiko Koike  Hirotaka Otobe  Minoru Takagi  Tadahisa Yoshida  Takehiko Ogata  Takashi Ishimaru 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(2):165-175

Occurrence of Dinophysis fortii, a causative organism of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, in the Okkirai Bay, Sanriku was surveyed in 1995, 1996, 1998 and 1999. In each year, its major occurrence was detected from the late May or early June and continued until the late June or early July. Seawater temperature, salinity and nutrients measurements suggested that inflows of offshore water into the bay played key role on the first major occurrence of D. fortii. With an analysis of continuous temperature data in the Otsuchi Bay which locates north of the Okkirai Bay, this influent was considered to be intermittent inflow of the offshore water by internal tidal waves which propagated from north to south. First occurrence peak of D. fortii was synchronous with phycobilin containing microalgae, synechococcoid cyanobacteria and cryptomonad, in all years. In vivo fluorescence measurement of D. fortii cells in 1995 and 96 showed that the cells in these microalgal-rich water contained more phycobilin pigment than those in the microalgal-poor water. The result may support a hypothesis that D. fortii acquires phycobilin by an uptake of these microalgae. After the first major occurrence in the bay, D. fortii sometimes occurred in rather inshore waters where showed elevated ammonium level possibly due to increased heterotrophic activity. Together with another finding that D. fortii is mixotrophic, it could be assumed that the environment being suited to heterotrophic nutrition also stimulates D. fortii growth in the bay.  相似文献   

海产品有毒物质污染的研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张偲  尹浩  李庆欣 《热带海洋学报》2007,26(6):83-89

海产品是人类食物的重要来源。近年来随着海洋环境污染的加剧,海产品的质量安全问题日趋严重。目前,贝毒、多氯联苯、有机锡等是影响我国海洋水产品质量安全的重要毒害物质。深入了解这些物质的检测方法、在生物体内的累积、生物降解的方式对控制海产品的质量安全有重要意义。对这些方面近期的研究成果进行了综述,为今后相关的科学研究和有关部门对海产品质量安全决策提供参考。  相似文献   

PSP-toxicification of the carnivorous gastropod Rapana venosa inhabiting the estuary of Nikoh River, Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan     

Ito K  Asakawa M  Beppu R  Takayama H  Miyazawa K 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,48(11-12):1116-1121

During surveillance on the toxicity of invertebrates such as bivalves inhabiting the coasts of Hiroshima Bay in 2001 and 2002, the carnivorous gastropod rapa whelk Rapana venosa collected in the estuary of Nikoh River, was found to contain toxins which showed paralytic actions in mice; the maximum toxicities (as paralytic shellfish poison, PSP) were 4.2 MU/g (May 2001) and 11.4 MU/g (April 2002). Their total toxicities were 224 and 206 MU/viscera of one specimen throughout the monitoring period. Attempts were made to identify the toxic principle in the gastropod. The viscera were extracted with 80% ethanol acidified with acetic acid, followed by defatting with dichloromethane. The aqueous layer obtained was treated with activated charcoal and then applied to a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. The unbound toxic fraction was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography techniques. The gastropod toxin was rather unexpectedly identified as PSP. It was comprised of high toxic component (gonyautoxin-3; GTX3, GTX2, saxitoxin; STX) as the major components, which accounted for approximately 91 mol% of all components along with C1 and C2, which are N-sulfocarbamoyl derivatives. Judging from their toxin patterns, it is suggested that the PSP toxification mechanism of the gastropod that PSP toxins produced by phytoplankton such as Alexandrium tamarense, are transferred to and accumulated in plankton feeders such as the short-necked clam, and then transferred to this carnivorous rapa whelk R. venosa through predation.  相似文献   

Residue levels of HCHs,DDTs and PCBs in shellfish from coastal areas of east Xiamen Island and Minjiang Estuary,China   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Chen W  Zhang L  Xu L  Wang X  Hong L  Hong H 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):385-390

Shellfish samples were collected from the coastal cultivating areas of east Xiamen Island and Minjing Estuary, China and analyzed for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), DDTs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by GC. Concentration ranges of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in the coastal area of east Xiamen Island were 0.18–345, 75.2–2143 and ND-23 ng g⁻¹ dry wt., respectively; those for Minjiang Estuary were ND-5.07, 21.5–2396 and ND-6.78 ng g⁻¹ dry wt., respectively. The results showed that the organochlorines were evidently accumulated in marine bivalve molluscs, particularly in oyster. The concentrations of organocholorine pollutants in shellfish samples varied with the sampling locations, the season of collection and organism species, but were generally higher than those in the sediments. The concentrations of DDTs in the shellfish were high as compared with HCHs and PCBs, so that DDTs can be considered as the typical organochlorines in the survey areas. The residue levels and compositions of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs are discussed.  相似文献